Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.2016,7, 47–52, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.5
identification of major bottleneck of charge injection and transport.
Keywords: activation energy; impedance spectroscopy; organiclight-emittingdevice; Introduction
Since the discovery of organic electroluminescent (EL) materials such as tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum(III) (Alq3), organic light-emitting
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Figure 1:
(a) Schematic diagram of the device ITO/α-NPD/Alq3/Al. Steady-state current–voltage characteristics...